Europe,
N. America
(160 to 560 per
100,000)
Asia
(4 to 120 per 100,000)
Africa
(2 to 60 per 100,000)
Based
on data from WHO, http://www3.who.int/whosis/health_personnel/health_personnel.cfm
accessed 10-Nov-04
Italy
Figure
2. 400-fold variation in supply of nurses among countries, ratio of nurses per
100 000
population
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Liberia
Chad
Burkina
Faso
Niger
Cameroon
Mauritania
Tanzania
Angola
Botswana
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Cambodia
Laos
Italy
U.K.
Aus
tria
Denmark
Sweden
Czech
Republic
Germany
Belarus
Finland
Europe,
N. America
(300-2200
per
100,000)
Asia
(5-420
per 100,000)
Africa
(6
to 200 per 100,000
- except
450 S. Africa)
Nurses
–
400-fold
variation
among countries
in
the ratio of nurses per 100,000 population
Based
on data from WHO,
http://www3.who.int/whosis/health_personnel/health_personnel.cfm accessed
10-Nov-04
Finland,
Norway
The HIV/AIDS impacts
on the health workforce and health systems are an added insult to the already
fragile health systems
in developing countries which are characterized by poor infrastructure,
insufficient numbers
of service providers, lack
of drugs and
commodities and frequently poor
management.
Why
the concern?
In order to achieve
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for reducing child mortality,
improving maternal
health and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, this human capacity
situation requires new
policies at the global, national, organizational and community levels. Policies
will need to be
developed and implemented that
scale up human
resources, bring new knowledge and
skill mixes to health
workers and provide them with
sufficient incentives
to provide high-quality
services, including
catering for their care and treatment needs if they themselves are
HIV-positive.
It is important to
look at the evidence on the direct effects of HIV/AIDS on the health workforce
in
order to inform
policy.
Given the variation in
the severity of
the epidemic in
different geographical
areas, projections on
the impact have largely been
developed based on
specific HIV/AIDS prevalence
rates as shown in
Figure 3, “Projection
of health workers with
AIDS, Botswana”.
One major feature
of the demographic
profile of health workers in Botswana, as elsewhere, is that women have
outnumbered male
health workers by a ratio of 1.9 to 1 (4).
Yet more women than
men are infected
and affected by
HIV/AIDS and therefore women have more morbidity and mortality, leading to
higher attrition
rates. Women also have a higher internal and external migration from the
national
health workforce.
Figure
3. Projection of health workers with AIDS, Botswana
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1991
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Year
Not
age
adjusted
Age
adjusted
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